Renewable energy
The decarbonization context that gives meaning to electrification: how much renewable energy does France produce, in which sectors, and what share do renewables hold in the electricity, heat and transport mix, against the 2030 target.
Primary renewable energy production by sector
Change 1990–2024, in terawatt-hours (TWh) of primary energy.
View data
| Year | Wood energy | Renewable hydro | Heat pumps | Wind power | Solar photovoltaic | Biogas | Biofuels | Renewable waste | Other* | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 112.6 | 53.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 177.1 |
| 1991 | 130.4 | 57.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 0 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 199.5 |
| 1992 | 126.6 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 207.2 |
| 1993 | 121.5 | 64.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 198.3 |
| 1994 | 108.9 | 78.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7.4 | 3.4 | 200.3 |
| 1995 | 110.3 | 73.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.9 | 8.4 | 3.5 | 198.2 |
| 1996 | 118.5 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.7 | 8.7 | 3.5 | 200.4 |
| 1997 | 107.5 | 63.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 8.8 | 3.5 | 188 |
| 1998 | 107.6 | 62.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.7 | 3 | 9.1 | 3.5 | 187 |
| 1999 | 101.7 | 72.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 10.2 | 3.4 | 192.8 |
| 2000 | 96.9 | 66.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 3.4 | 183.8 |
| 2001 | 98.2 | 74.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 3.4 | 193.6 |
| 2002 | 92.4 | 60.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0 | 2.6 | 4 | 11.9 | 3.4 | 175.4 |
| 2003 | 98.4 | 58.9 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 12.5 | 3.6 | 181.9 |
| 2004 | 99 | 59.6 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 13.4 | 3.6 | 185.3 |
| 2005 | 102.3 | 51.5 | 2.4 | 1 | 0 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 6.3 | 186.5 |
| 2006 | 91.6 | 56.3 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 0 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 5.5 | 183.1 |
| 2007 | 93.8 | 57.6 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 0 | 4.5 | 13.1 | 12.5 | 5.8 | 197.6 |
| 2008 | 98.9 | 63.7 | 9.2 | 5.7 | 0 | 5.1 | 24.2 | 13.1 | 6.2 | 226 |
| 2009 | 101.2 | 57 | 11.8 | 7.9 | 0 | 5.2 | 27.1 | 14 | 6.5 | 230.6 |
| 2010 | 117.8 | 62.7 | 15.4 | 9.9 | 0 | 5.8 | 26.4 | 14.2 | 6.3 | 258.4 |
| 2011 | 97 | 45.7 | 14.6 | 12.6 | 2.3 | 5.2 | 26.3 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 225.9 |
| 2012 | 110.2 | 59.8 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 30.6 | 14.1 | 9.9 | 269.2 |
| 2013 | 122.2 | 71.9 | 22.1 | 16.5 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 28.6 | 14.6 | 10.8 | 298.5 |
| 2014 | 103.3 | 63.8 | 19 | 17.7 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 29.3 | 14.7 | 9.7 | 270.9 |
| 2015 | 112.3 | 55.6 | 22.4 | 21.9 | 7.8 | 8 | 30.7 | 14.2 | 10.4 | 283.1 |
| 2016 | 123 | 60.8 | 26.7 | 21.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 28.2 | 14.4 | 10.5 | 302.9 |
| 2017 | 120.5 | 50 | 28.2 | 25.1 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 27.6 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 296 |
| 2018 | 119.8 | 65.1 | 29.9 | 29.2 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 31.4 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 323.2 |
| 2019 | 119.5 | 56.9 | 33.6 | 35.5 | 12 | 11.4 | 24.9 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 321.1 |
| 2020 | 111.3 | 62.5 | 34.3 | 40.7 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 24.7 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 327.1 |
| 2021 | 126.5 | 59.5 | 45.7 | 37.7 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 21.9 | 14.4 | 12.5 | 349.2 |
| 2022 | 119.1 | 45.6 | 44.9 | 39 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 15.3 | 12.3 | 335.7 |
| 2023 | 119.4 | 55.9 | 49.8 | 51.5 | 22.6 | 22.1 | 21.9 | 14.5 | 13.3 | 371 |
| 2024 | 116 | 71.1 | 51.9 | 47.5 | 24.9 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 15.7 | 13.8 | 387.6 |
Source: SDES — Chiffres et statistiques : données EnR — Etalab Open License 2.0.
Composition of the renewable energy mix by sector
Share of each sector in primary renewable energy production, stacked to 100% — the same data as above, viewed as composition: the relative decline of wood energy and the rise of solar photovoltaic and wind power.
View data
| Year | Wood energy (%) | Renewable hydro (%) | Heat pumps (%) | Wind power (%) | Solar photovoltaic (%) | Biogas (%) | Biofuels (%) | Renewable waste (%) | Other* (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 63.6 | 30.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 3.8 | 1.8 |
| 1991 | 65.4 | 28.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| 1992 | 61.1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 3.5 | 1.6 |
| 1993 | 61.3 | 32.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 1.7 |
| 1994 | 54.3 | 39.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 1.7 |
| 1995 | 55.7 | 36.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
| 1996 | 59.1 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 1.8 |
| 1997 | 57.2 | 33.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 1.8 |
| 1998 | 57.5 | 33.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 1.9 |
| 1999 | 52.7 | 37.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.6 | 5.3 | 1.8 |
| 2000 | 52.7 | 36.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 5.9 | 1.8 |
| 2001 | 50.7 | 38.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 5.8 | 1.8 |
| 2002 | 52.6 | 34.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 1.9 |
| 2003 | 54.1 | 32.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 6.8 | 2 |
| 2004 | 53.5 | 32.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 2 |
| 2005 | 54.8 | 27.6 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0 | 1.8 | 4 | 6.6 | 3.4 |
| 2006 | 50 | 30.8 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0 | 2 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 3 |
| 2007 | 47.5 | 29.2 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 2.9 |
| 2008 | 43.8 | 28.2 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.3 | 10.7 | 5.8 | 2.7 |
| 2009 | 43.9 | 24.7 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 0 | 2.2 | 11.7 | 6.1 | 2.8 |
| 2010 | 45.6 | 24.3 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 0 | 2.2 | 10.2 | 5.5 | 2.4 |
| 2011 | 42.9 | 20.2 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 1 | 2.3 | 11.6 | 5.9 | 3.9 |
| 2012 | 40.9 | 22.2 | 7 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 3.7 |
| 2013 | 40.9 | 24.1 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 9.6 | 4.9 | 3.6 |
| 2014 | 38.1 | 23.5 | 7 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 3.6 |
| 2015 | 39.7 | 19.6 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 10.9 | 5 | 3.7 |
| 2016 | 40.6 | 20.1 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 9.3 | 4.8 | 3.5 |
| 2017 | 40.7 | 16.9 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 3 | 3.2 | 9.3 | 5 | 3.9 |
| 2018 | 37.1 | 20.1 | 9.3 | 9 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 4.4 | 3.7 |
| 2019 | 37.2 | 17.7 | 10.5 | 11 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 4 |
| 2020 | 34 | 19.1 | 10.5 | 12.4 | 4 | 3.9 | 7.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| 2021 | 36.2 | 17.1 | 13.1 | 10.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 3.6 |
| 2022 | 35.5 | 13.6 | 13.4 | 11.6 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 3.7 |
| 2023 | 32.2 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 13.9 | 6.1 | 6 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
| 2024 | 29.9 | 18.3 | 13.4 | 12.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 |
Source: SDES — Chiffres et statistiques : données EnR — Etalab Open License 2.0.
Share of renewable energy in the mix
Share of renewables in gross final energy consumption in 2024, by vector, against the 2030 target (EU RED II directive, France's 2019 Energy-Climate Law).
View data
| Vector | Share 2024 (%) | Target 2030 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Electricity | 31.3 % | 40 % |
| Heating & cooling | 31.2 % | 38 % |
| Transport | 10.8 % | 15 % |
| Total | 23.2 % | 33 % |
Source: SDES — Chiffres et statistiques : données EnR — Etalab Open License 2.0.
Path to the 2030 target
Share of renewable energy (all uses combined) in gross final energy consumption.
View data
| Year | Renewables share (%) | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 9.3 | Final |
| 2006 | 9.3 | Final |
| 2007 | 10.3 | Final |
| 2008 | 11.3 | Final |
| 2009 | 12.3 | Final |
| 2010 | 12.7 | Final |
| 2011 | 12.7 | Final |
| 2012 | 13.3 | Final |
| 2013 | 13.9 | Final |
| 2014 | 14.4 | Final |
| 2015 | 14.9 | Final |
| 2016 | 15.6 | Final |
| 2017 | 15.9 | Final |
| 2018 | 16.5 | Final |
| 2019 | 17.3 | Final |
| 2020 | 19.2 | Final |
| 2021 | 19.5 | Final |
| 2022 | 20.7 | Final |
| 2023 | 22.6 | Final |
| 2024 | 23.2 | Final |
| 2025 | 24 | Provisional |
Source: SDES — Chiffres et statistiques : données EnR — Etalab Open License 2.0. Jusqu'en 2020 inclus, calcul selon la directive (UE) 2009/28/CE ; entre 2021 et 2024, selon la directive (UE) 2018/2011 ; à partir de 2025, selon la directive (UE) 2023/2414. Les changements de méthodologie peuvent créer des ruptures de série.